The basic knowledge of the mould introduces, mould knowledge encyclopedia

Mould (ù of M ú J) , the in order to on industrial production notes model, blow model, crowded piece, Die Casting or v shape, all sorts of matrix that the method such as smelt, punch gets wanting a product and tool. In short, the mould is to use the tool that makes consummate goods, this kind of tool is formed by all sorts of spare partses, different pattern is formed by different spare parts. It basically becomes profile to expect the change of physical condition will realize the treatment of article appearance through place. Element has " industrial mother " title. The mould is a lot of more phyletic, it is according to machining object and treatment craft to be able to divide: ① machines metallic mould. ② treatment is metalloid the mould with pulverous metallurgy. Include plastic pattern (wait like model of double lubricious mould, compression moulding and crowded model model) , balata model and pulverous metallurgy model. According to structural characteristic, the mould can be divided again cut into parts to rush planarly model and have a space model antrum model. The mould is sheet commonly, pre production. Mould of pull current Cheng is a model, make a product come according to this model, but the mould is how production comes out, the likelihood replies not to come out besides great majority of mould major personage.

The mould had had the effect that cannot replace between our life, our articles for daily use cannot leave a pattern for the most part, be like, computer, phone, electrograph, clavier, the cup waited these plastic products a moment to need not say, the outer garment that resembles car and motor engine additionally also is made with the mould, smooth the mould with a various cars is about to be used 20 thousand many.

Say the action of modern life mould cannot be replaced so.

Want batch production to cannot leave a pattern only. So is the mould how of make it? To contemporary mould pull current Cheng makes a simple introduction below. 1) ESI (EarlierSupplierInvolvement supplier is inchoate participate in) : This phase basically is the client develops the technology that waits for a respect to discuss about products plan and mould with what undertake between the supplier, main purpose is to let the design intent of the person that the supplier understands products plan clearly and precision requirement, the person that also allow products plan at the same time understands the ability that the mould produces better, the technical properties of the product, make more reasonable design thereby. 2) quote (Quotation) : Flow of the life of the price that includes a pattern, mould, have enough to meet need, machine asks the date of delivery of ton of number and mould. (more detailed quote should include the information such as product measure weight, mould dimension weight. ) 　 　 3) order (PurchaseOrder) : Of client order, subscription give out and the acceptance of supplier order. 4) mould production plan and platoon labour arrange (ProductionPlanningandScheduleArrangement) : The specific date of the delivery that this phase needs to be aimed at a mould makes a return to the client. 5) the mould designs (Design) : The design software that uses possibly has the 　 such as Pro/Engineer, UG, Solidworks, AutoCAD, CATIA 6) purchase material 　 7) the mould machines (Machining) : Involves process has car, gong roughly (mill) , heat treatment, grind, computer gong (CNC) , electric spark (EDM) , line cut (WEDM) , coordinate is ground (JIGGRINGING) , laser carve characters on a seal, polish. 8) the mould assembles (Assembly) 　 　 9) the mould tries a model (TrialRun) 　 　 10) example evaluates a report (SER) 　 　 11) example evaluates a report to approve a nucleus (SERApproval) the demand that design of 　 mould production mould makes is: Dimension accurate, surface is bright and clean; Structure efficiency of reasonable, production is tall, easily automation; Make easy, life tall, cost is low; The design accords with craft need, economy is sound. The element such as size of method of orgnaization of tigidity of mould structure design and consideration of parameter choice beard, oriented sex, discharge, location, space. On the mould fragile should change easily. To plastic pattern and Die Casting model, still need to consider sound gating system, melt plastic or metallic flow condition, enter model the position of antrum and direction. To improve productivity, reduce flow path pouring loss, can use much model antrum mould, finish many identical or different products at the same time in one mould internal energy. The pattern of life of efficient, high accuracy, longevity should be used in big batch production. Punch model should use multitask class receives a standard, can use hard alloy to set a class to receive a standard, in order to improve life. In small lot production and new product trial-produce, should use a structure simple, create the simple and easy pattern with fast, low cost, if set standard of alloy of model of alloy of model of balata of die, laminose die, polyurethane, low melting point, zinc, exceed plasticity alloy model to wait. The mould already began to use a CAD (CAD) , pass the system of one a complete set of that is a center with the computer to undertake to the mould optimization is designed namely. This is the development way that the mould devises. The mould is made by structural characteristic, what cent is plane is strong cut into parts model and have a space model antrum model. Cooperate accurately to the size that reduces a model to use punch and sunken model, some is not to have clearance fit even. If other forging die is cold model of model of extrusion die, Die Casting, pulverous metallurgy model, plastic pattern, balata belong to model antrum model, with the workpiece that establishs bodily form record at figuration. Model antrum model is in long, wide, 3 tall direction has dimension demand, form is complex, production difficulty. Mould production is sheet commonly, pre production, production requirement is strict, accurate, use accurate treatment facilities and measurement unit more. Plane is strong cut a model into parts to be able to use the take shape at the beginning of electric spark treatment, reoccupy figuration grinding, the method such as coordinate grinding raises precision further. Figuration grinding can use grinding machine of optical and umbriferous curve, or contain shrink the copy, planar grinding machine that builds dozen of grinder form, also can use grinding of special figuration abrasive tool on accurate and planar grinder. Coordinate grinder can be used at the exact location of the mould, in order to assure accurate aperture and pitch. Usable also computerized numerical control (CNC) is successive the punch of any curvilinear appearance mixes grinding of orbit coordinate grinder sunken model. Model antrum model is multi-purpose treatment of profile modeling milling machine, electric spark treatment and electrochemical machining. profile modeling mill treatment and numerical control combination apply and increase in electric spark treatment 3 Xiang Ping uses head device, can rise model the treatment quality of antrum. Increase in electrochemical machining aerate electroanalysis can improve manufacturing efficiency. The EMX of PTC of 　 of mould of form of model of commonly used software, the NXMoldWizard of Siemens, cimatronE, delcamMoldmaker, the TopsolidMold of Missler, the MoldDesign of Think3, the IMOLD of Manusoft, the MoldWorks of R&B. The TopsolidProgress of the MoldWorks of the 3DQuickPress of the Logopress3 of the NXProgressiveDieDesign of the PDX of PTC of hardware mould 　 , Siemens, Logopress, 3DQuickToolsLimited, R&BMold&DieDesign, Missler. The production of technical properties mould wants a course to forging commonly, a few working procedure such as cutting treatment, heat treatment. To assure the production quality of the mould, reduce manufacturing cost, its material should have rigid of processability of good forgeability, cutting, temper by dipping in water, temper by dipping in water to appear a gender to reach but grinding sex; Still should have small oxidation, decarbonization sensitivity and quench be out of shape craze tendency. 1. Forgeability: Have inferior hot forge to be out of shape fight force, plasticity is good, forging temperature range is wide, forge cracks cold cracking and separate out meshy carbide tendency is low. 2. Anneal craft sex: The ball changes annealing temperature range wide, anneal hardness is low and fluctuant scope is little, the ball is changed rate is high. 3. Cutting processability: Cutting dosage is big, cutting tool loss is small, treatment surface surface roughness is low. 4. Sensitivity of oxidation, decarbonization: It is good that when high temperature heats, oxidation is fought to conceive, decarbonization rate is slow, to heating medium is not sensitive, inclination of generation hemp dot is little. 5. Rigid of temper by dipping in water: Even and tall surface hardness is had after quenching. 6. Temper by dipping in water appears a gender: Hard layer of deeper temper by dipping in water can be obtained after quenching, use assuasive to quench medium can temper by dipping in water is hard. 7. Quench be out of shape craze tendency: Convention quenchs bulk changes small, appearance warp, distortion is slight, unusual be out of shape the tendency is low. Convention quenchs craze sensitivity is low, not sensitive to quenching temperature reachs workpiece figure. 8. But grinding sex: Emery wheel is opposite loss is small, without dosage of burn limit grinding big, not sensitive to emery wheel quality and cooling condition, produce gall and grinding crackle not easily. Performance characteristics 　 1.

Density is small: Plastic density is small, weight of mechanical to reducing equipment and energy-saving have important sense, be opposite especially spacecraft of car, shipping, plane, universe. 2.

Mix than intensity taller than stiffness: Plastic very strength is not as high as the metal, but plastic density is small, compare intensity so (σ B/ ρ ) , than stiffness (E/ ρ ) quite tall. Especially the fiber shape with all sorts of high strenth, piece shape and farinose metal or metalloid the buildup that makes for filling is plastic, its are mixed than intensity taller than the metal than stiffness. 3.

Chemical stability is good: The plastic Dou Youliang of great majority's good acid-proof, alkaline, salt, water is amiable the function of body, below general requirement, they do not produce chemical reaction with these material. 4.

Electric insulation, adiabatic, absolutely acoustical performance is good. 5.

Wear-resisting and self-lubricating the gender is good: Plastic coefficient of friction small, wearability is good, have very good self-lubricating quality, add taller than intensity, transmission noise is little, it can be below condition of liquid medium, half dry dry even attrition effectively job. It can make the machine part such as bearing, gear, cam and pulley, special apply to rotate speed the circumstance with not tall, not big load. 6.

Felt capability is strong. 7.

It is as good as chromatic function to shape. Safeguard and maintain 　 1: Point must be ground after the mould is used for long, abrade hind point face must undertake demagnetization, cannot contain magnetism, otherwise easy happening a makings. Pattern use company should make detailed account, count its are used, nurse (lubricant, clean, antirust) reach attaint situation, can discover what component, component already damaged accordingly, wear away rate size, in order to provide discovery and the information data that solve a problem, and of this mould shape place of craft parameter, product uses data, in order to shorten the test-drive time of the mould, improve manufacturing efficiency. Should run normally in the machine that note model, mould below the circumstance, test mould all sorts of function, the model that will shape finally dimension is measured come out, through these information can determine the existing position of the mould, find out model antrum, model the attaint that wait is in core, cooling system and cent face, according to model offerred information, can judge the attaint condition of the mould and maintenance measure. 2: The stretch spare parts such as bedspring is using the bedspring in the process to damage the most easily, appear to rupture and be out of shape normally phenomenon. Adopted measure changes namely, changing the norms that spring must note in the process and model, the norms of bedspring and model affirm 3 times through color, external diameter and length, issue ability to be able to change in 3 same situations only. Bedspring is beautiful with the quality of the entrance. 3: The drift in mould use process is easy appear break off, the phenomenon that bend and gnaws bad, strong covering is gnawed bad commonly. Drift and the part that use identical norms commonly to covered damage undertake changing. The parameter of drift basically has working section dimension, installation part dimension, length dimension to wait. 4: Tighten solid spare parts, whether does spare parts of examination close solid become loose, attaint phenomenon, adopted measure is to look for the spare parts of identical norms to undertake changing. 5: If press glue of force of makings board, actor to wait,control makings part, if discharge spare parts takes off makings of top of makings board, pneumatic to wait. The fittings impact that each position examines when maintaining and have nondestructive bad, have repair to the part of attaint, pneumatic top expects the examination has without flat phenomenon, take step to particular case. If tracheal attaint undertakes,change. Should to the mould a few main component undertake dogging mainly detecting: The top goes out, the action of oriented component is to ensure the mould leaves combine motion and model the top goes out, if among them any place stay because of injure and getting stuck, will cause stop production, what reason often should maintain mould thimble, guide pillar is lubricant (should choose the lubricant) that suits most, check thimble, guide pillar to wait to whether happen regularly be out of shape reach exterior injury, once discover, want to change in time; After completing cycle of a production, the antirust oil that should express major of Fu of besmear of face, motion, oriented component to mould job, should take seriously especially to containing bearing of mould of gear, rack place is mixed the protection of the bounce intensity of bedspring mould, in order to ensure its are in optimal job status from beginning to end; As production time lasts, cooling path is easy heavy scaliness, rustily, silty reach algae to wait, refrigerative flow path is sectional decrescent, cooling passageway narrow, lower the hot exchange rate between cooling fluid and mould greatly, increase an enterprise to produce cost, the clear behoove that accordingly convection is caused take seriously; To mould of hot flow path, heat reach those who control a system to maintain the happening that is helpful for preventing to produce breakdown, attach most importance to especially so should. Loss reason 　 1) the mould basically works the problem of the material of the spare parts, select material is undeserved. Material performance is bad, not wear-resisting; Mould steel without fine, have many smelt drawback; Punch-die, forging stock changes forge craft to be not perfected, involuntary discharge of urine is put have heat treatment hidden trouble. 2) mould structure designs an issue, die structure is unreasonable. Long and thin punch did not design consolidate plant, give makings opening not collect of free occurrence caboodle, stripping force crosses ambassadorial punch to bear hand in change load aggravate. 3) patternmaking craft is not perfect, basically express base of protruding, sunken now die forging immanent quality is poor, heat treatment technology and craft have a problem, cause temper by dipping in water of protruding, sunken model to be not appeared, have soft spots and hardness not all. Produce micro-crack sometimes, even craze, abrade polish does not reach the designated position, exterior surface roughness has been been worth big. 4) is not had lubricate or have lubricant but the effect not beautiful. CNC Milling