The cutting tool of material of cutting difficult treatment chooses

As the occurrence of the development of cutting tool technology and material of new-style cutting tool, metallic cutting technology also is rising ceaselessly, all sorts of cutting technologies are used at machining hard steel of alloy of stainless steel, titanium, temper by dipping in water to wait for difficult treatment material in succession. Current, the cutting efficiency of difficult treatment material is very low still, how to improve the cutting efficiency of difficult treatment material effectively, reduce finished cost, it is one of problems that current manufacturing industry solves urgently. The bitter fleabane break out that the application of material of 1 difficult treatment reachs the industry such as nuclear energy as aerospace, oil, chemical industry, enginery exhibits the application of difficult treatment material and cutting processability, all sorts of difficult treatment material also receive wide application, provide most with the material such as hard steel of alloy of stainless steel, titanium, temper by dipping in water among them representative. The applied domain of stainless steel material involves all trades and professions. Arrive from auto industry water industry, wait for a domain to environmental protection industry and industrial establishment from building and structural industry, the demand of stainless steel material rises increasingly, among them in order to be in the application in auto industry is most rapid. Titanium alloy cent is α model, α + β , β , among them α kind titanium alloy is multi-purpose at engine compressor dish with blade and other job temperature the rotational component under 540 ℃ , also can use at engine mounting frame, medicinal powder the frame that heats up a system to wait; β kind titanium alloy is multi-purpose the landing gear at the plane; α + β kind the titanium alloy application on industry is most, the journal before if divide into equal parts of TC4, TC11 is fastened,be being used in engine, dish, on the crucial structural member such as the casing before blade is mixed. Hard steel of temper by dipping in water is typical wear-resisting construction material, use extensively at the industrial domain such as bearing, car, mould, multi-purpose will make all sorts of tall to hardness and wearability requirement parts. As increase of material demand increasingly to difficult treatment, how undertaking to these material efficient cutting is machined is the problem that urgent need solves [1-3] . The processability of cutting processability cutting of material of 2 difficult treatment is the difficult easy degree that shows workpiece material cutting is machined. And the cutting processability of material is an opposite concept, because it is concerned with material itself not only, and what machine condition and treatment requirement along with cutting is different and change [4] . Difficult treatment material is machined hard even if because its are opposite cutting sex is too poor, if tall hardness is mixed high strenth, tall plasticity and tall tenacity, low thermal conductivity, low plasticity, tall brittleness, chemical function is too lively temperature of muscularity of the cutting in waiting for a characteristic to create cutting process, cutting is high, cut bits to be hard to control, treatment sclerosis is mixed badly cutting tool durability is low problem. Sex of sclerosis of treatment of stainless steel material is big, in cutting process, be met produce plasticity to be out of shape by treatment material; The heat conduction rate of stainless steel is low, bits is cut to take away quantity of heat when cutting is machined little, the temperature that cutting nods rises, bring about cutting tool life to shorten; In the meantime, stainless steel endophilicity is big, make point of a knife produces face of the knife after the tumour that accumulate bits is mixed to produce attachment easily, make be dropped by treatment surface precision thereby. The cutting processability expression of titanium alloy is: The heat in metal cutting when small, thermal conductivity difference, cutting machines density diffuses not easily, cause cutting tool life very short. The affinity of titanium alloy is big; Have tall chemical active, kiss easily with the metal that contacts and, bring about felt, diffuse aggravate, cutting tool wears away; Model of titanium alloy flexibility measures low, flexibility to be out of shape big, can make already was machined the surface and hind the osculatory area of knife face is large, wear away serious. The main characteristic of material of hard steel of temper by dipping in water is hardness, intensity tall, plasticity, thermal conductivity is poor. In cutting process, cut bits and before length of knife surface contact is short, because this cutting force and cutting temperature are centered around cutting blade, make cutting tool wears away easily with collapse blade. To overcome the treatment difficulty of these difficult treatment material, choose right cutting tool stuff with respect to need. The component as a result of different material and function each different, cutting processability is different also. Accordingly, master their characteristic only, ability finds out the cutting tool material that matchs to it to finish the cutting to its to machine [5-7] . The mechanical, physics of the material of when choosing material of 1 cutting difficult treatment to function of cutting tool material requirement cutting tool of cutting tool material and workpiece material and chemical function must get matching reasonably, on the rails of cutting process ability, acquire longer cutting tool life. Otherwise, cutting tool may wear away quickly, cutting tool life can shorten [7] . When choosing cutting tool material with respect to the requirement so, the normal temperature that should consider cutting tool data not only is mechanical function, still should consider its high temperature capability, the chemical element in preventing workpiece and cutting tool material produces chemistry or diffuse action causes cutting tool thereby diffuse wear away. Difficult treatment material is in cutting treatment, the cutting tool that appears normally wears away include 2 kinds of following form: (1) appear as a result of mechanical action wear away; (2) because heat up what reach chemistry and appear,wear away, and what arise by be in harmony of cutting blade bate, dissolve is broken break, hot exhaustion, heat cracks [5] . When material of cutting difficult treatment, because be machined the existence in material is more make ingredient of cutting tool tatty, can appear inside very short time normally afore-mentioned cutting tool wear away. According to the cutting characteristic of difficult treatment material, consider the characteristic of its cutting at the same time, the choice should consider the following performance when cutting tool material: (1) tall hardness and wearability; (2) tall hear resistance; (3) enough strength and tenacity. Besides, to difficult treatment the cutting of material returns should special attention the following at 2 o'clock: It is to because of,should avoid between cutting tool material and workpiece material of certain element cause cutting tool to wear away with action in person aggravate; 2 it is to want to choose optimal cutting career according to condition of cutting of etc of cutting tool material, workpiece material. For example, rate of cutting of the requirement when pottery and porcelain and cubic nitrogen change cutting of boracic cutting tool is high, if cutting falls in inferior speed, its durability is not as good as high-speed steel cutting tool. Accordingly, the advantage of material has all sorts of cutting tool to be shown adequately in the ability inside corresponding speed limits only come [4] . The cutting tool of cutting function majority of material of 2 commonly used cutting tool contains carbide, nitride, oxide and boride in material. These compound have tall hardness, high melting point, high stretch standard to measure, the property that this is need of place of cutting tool stuff [7] . For example, the horniness photograph of hard alloy basically is WC and TiC; The base material of pottery and porcelain is commonly used Al2O3 and Si3N4, rejoin carbide, other oxide and nitride, even boride; Cubic nitrogen changes boron is a kind of metalloid nitride [8-9] . Accordingly, in contemporary cutting treatment, commonly used cutting tool material changes boron and diamond to wait for high-speed steel, hard alloy, pottery and porcelain, cubic nitrogen. Express the 1 main function that is all sorts of cutting tool material. In recent years, the function of high-speed steel cutting tool is not quite advanced already, but good because of its stability, can accept form cutting, still occupy close 1/2 in total wastage of cutting tool material. On the matrix of high-speed steel, deposit of photograph of the regulating the flow of vital energy and removing obstruction to it that use thing (PVD) layer of material of wear-resisting of law besmear Fu (it is TiN commonly) , can improve cutting tool life and treatment surface quality significantly, reduce cutting force. Cutting tool of high-speed steel of this kind of coating already also received wide application. Hard alloy cutting tool is carbide (WC, TiC) pulverous metallurgy goods. The size that presses grain can be divided mix for common hard alloy, fine grain hard alloy exceed fine grain hard alloy; Can divide the cobalt that it is tungsten by chemical composition kind (YG) , tungsten cobaltic titanium kind (YT) and add rare carbide kind (YW) . As a result of tungsten cobaltic titanium (YT) kind cutting tool and titanium alloy have intense affinity, remain tungsten cobalt in what wide application wins in industrial production at present so kind hard alloy YG8, YG6, YG3. If use the YA6 of fine grain hard alloy that adds rare metal, YD15, YG10H, YS2 to wait, can improve the life of cutting tool and treatment efficiency. Nextpage diamond cutting tool has extremely tall hardness and wearability, point quantity of sharp, low coefficient of friction, high stretch standard, tall coefficient of thermal conductivity and as small as affinity of the metal that be not iron wait for an advantage. Diamond kind the finish machining that cutting tool applies to difficult treatment material and superfinishing. The heat-resisting temperature of diamond has 700~800 ℃ only, add man-hour to must undertake cool adequately and lubricating. The hardness that cubic nitrogen turns boracic cutting tool although slightly under diamond, but far however outclass is other tall hardness material, and hot stability is gotten higher than diamond much, can achieve 1200 ℃ above, suit high temperature to do cutting. Its another advantage is chemical laziness big. Because CBN cutting tool machines tall hardness,good treatment surface surface roughness can be obtained when the spare parts, because this uses hard steel of temper by dipping in water of cutting of CBN cutting tool,can come true " grind in order to cut era " [10-12] . Watch 2 gave out the cutting utility of the CBN cutting tool of different CBN content. Material of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain is to pass carbide, nitride, boride, oxide is joined to wait respectively in silicon matrix is being changed with nitrogen in alumina get. The hard alloy of excel of high temperature capability of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain, reason applies to high speed cutting. Al2O3 base cutting tool of compound pottery and porcelain has good wearability, hear resistance and stability of high temperature chemistry, not easy with iron happen to diffuse each other between the element or chemical reaction, its wearability and Si3N4 of hear resistance prep above base cutting tool of pottery and porcelain, its application range is the accordingly widest. And Si3N4 base of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain rupture tenacity and Al2O3 of prep above of heatproof shake sex base cutting tool of pottery and porcelain, agree with cast-iron high speed cutting [12] . Of material of typical difficult treatment and cutting tool material because have corrosion resistance,match stainless steel of 1 stainless steel, hear resistance, microtherm intensity and physical characteristic are good, punch, bend it is good to wait for hot-working sex, and in higher temperature (＞ 450 ° ) next having relatively the advantage such as high strenth, and make in aerospace, machinery, wide application received in the daily life of oil, chemical industry and people. The cutting processability of stainless steel is poorer, its processability is the 1/2 of 45 steel about, need to choose red rigid when cutting tall, bending strength tall, wear-resisting, thermal conductivity is good, fight felt, fight the cutting tool stuff with diffuse and fight oxidation abrasiveness good. Accordingly, often choose YG kind reach contain Ta (Nb) the YG of C kind hard alloy. YG8 can be chosen when thick car or YC6, if be mixed with YG8N 813 hard alloy, can big earth raises cutting tool durability. The vehicle of high speed fine below successive cutting condition or fitting of half fine vehicle choose YT5, YTl5, 798, the hard alloy such as YWl and YW2 [13] . It is good that alloy of titanium of 2 titaniums alloy has taller than intensity, hear resistance, be able to bear or endure corrode sex is good etc admirable mechanical with physical function, get extensive use in aerospace and war industry domain not only, and each sides that begin to permeate economy to live gradually [8] . But the chemistry of titanium alloy itself is active big, coefficient of thermal conductivity is small, stretch modular amount is small the cutting treatment that waits for a characteristic to give titanium alloy brought difficulty. The choice of cutting tool material has very big effect to the treatment of titanium alloy. The data of ideal cutting tool that processes titanium alloy must have taller hot hardness at the same time, good tenacity, wearability, tall coefficient of thermal conductivity and inferior chemistry are active. Alloy what is appropriate to the occasion chooses cutting titanium to be mixed in person with titanium chemistry action small, coefficient of thermal conductivity big, grain spends tall, intensity small tungsten is cobaltic kind hard alloy makes cutting tool material, the hard alloy with be not contained or containing TiC less is advisable, be like YG8, YG3, YG6X, YG6A, 813, the brand such as 643M, YS2, YD15, YG10H. It is better to if use diamond and cubic nitrogen,turn result of alloy of boracic cutting titanium, because cutting tool thermal conductivity is tall,this is, fight felt, edge sharp. But diamond and cubic nitrogen turn boracic cutting tool costlier on the price, it is so when material of alloy of actual cutting titanium, still give priority to with hard alloy cutting tool [8, 14-15] . The wear-resisting that hard steel of temper by dipping in water of hard steel of 3 temper by dipping in water is a model mixes cutting tool of alumina pottery and porcelain difficult treatment material, classics of this kind of workpiece quenchs the hardness after processing is as high as 50~65HRC, and have more expensive machine intensity and fight exhaustion to wear away ability. The cutting processability of hard steel of temper by dipping in water poor, intensity tall, hardness big, thermal conductivity differs tall, brittleness, because this gives cutting treatment,cause very great difficulty. What is appropriate to the occasion of hard steel of cutting temper by dipping in water chooses red rigid the cutting tool with tall, wear-resisting, good thermal conductivity, can choose hard alloy, pottery and porcelain and cubic nitrogen to change boron to regard cutting tool as material. When using hard metal, general in order to contain TaC (NbC) K kind with M kind hard alloy had better, can choose 600, 610, 767, 726, 712, the brand such as YW1, YW2, YN05, YT05. Because hear resistance of wear-resisting of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain is good, cutting tool durability can rise not only when cutting, still can be inside taller cutting speed limits cutting, improve productivity thereby, this is place of hard alloy cutting tool cannot be likened to [16-19] . The place on last word put together is narrated, in the cutting of difficult treatment material, the scope of application of hard alloy can have proper control. As a result of the reason of resource, price and function, material of pottery and porcelain will get great progress, replace cutting tool of one part hard alloy. Element of many W, Co is contained in hard alloy material, and resource of W, Co is belonged to cannot renewable resources, such using go down, will dried up. In addition, co resource of China is lacked, count an import for the most part, because this is current the application in cutting tool material and development are medium very notice managing W and Co. Pottery and porcelain kind the composition of cutting tool is N, O, Si, Al, these elements are in tellurian content is far over W, Co kind. Accordingly, pottery and porcelain kind cutting tool replaces hard alloy cutting tool is an inevitable development trend. In the cutting treatment of material of prospective difficult treatment, give meeting research and development have sex of taller intensity He Ren already surely, have the cutting tool of pottery and porcelain of better hardness and wearability again. CNC Milling